{"id":615539,"date":"2023-03-08T08:49:45","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T14:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.sellorbuyhomefast.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/08\/ai-in-the-netherlands-talent-data-and-responsibility\/"},"modified":"2023-03-08T08:49:45","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T14:49:45","slug":"ai-in-the-netherlands-talent-data-and-responsibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/2023\/03\/08\/ai-in-the-netherlands-talent-data-and-responsibility\/","title":{"rendered":"AI in the Netherlands: Talent, data and responsibility"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content-header\">\n<h2>Applied researchers in the Netherlands are working to bring AI to a higher level<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"content-center\">\n<ul>\n<li><i data-icon=\"1\"><\/i><\/li>\n<li><i data-icon=\"2\"><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"contributors-block\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineImages\/brans_pat.jpg\" alt=\"Pat Brans\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><span>By<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/contributor\/Pat-Brans\">Pat Brans,<\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Pat Brans Associates\/Grenoble Ecole de Management<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\tPublished: <span>07 Mar 2023<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"content-body\">\n<p paraid=\"700896249\" paraeid=\"{f4c082b2-e073-4663-a3c1-b37545263858}{196}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tno.nl\/en\/about-tno\/organisation\/\">Netherlands Organisation for Applied Science Research<\/a> [TNO] is the innovation engine in the Netherlands,\u201d says Peter Werkhoven, chief scientist at TNO and professor at Utrecht University. \u201cWe turn great science into great applications. We were established by law in 1932, and we solve societal and economic challenges through innovation. Our role in the value chain is to spot promising academic research and bring it to a level where it can be used by industry and government.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"274626860\" paraeid=\"{f4c082b2-e073-4663-a3c1-b37545263858}{250}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">A case in point: TNO was part of a small consortium that developed a national artificial intelligence (AI) strategy in the Netherlands which started around six years ago. The goal was to get the country on track to benefit from AI. \u201cLike many new technologies, AI falls into an innovation paradox,\u201d says Werkhoven. \u201cUniversities have a lot of great knowledge, but industry cannot turn that knowledge into value without help. This is where we come in with applied research.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1836380917\" paraeid=\"{820efd0b-c8ea-481e-ad3a-e842dca43245}{45}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">The consortium developed a plan to fill three gaps in the Netherlands. The first two were gaps that concerned industrial players directly. These were a shortage of AI talent and a shortage of data to train AI. The third gap was something that concerned governments \u2013 right up to the EU level: AI needed to be applied more responsibly. \u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">We wrote the plan, and it got funded,\u201d says Werkhoven.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1642517127\" paraeid=\"{820efd0b-c8ea-481e-ad3a-e842dca43245}{133}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">As part of the process of implementing that strategy, TNO does more than just connect universities, industry and government. It also brings technology to a level where it can be applied. One type of technology it develops is called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchenterpriseai\/feature\/Enterprise-hybrid-AI-use-is-poised-to-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">hybrid AI<\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">, which combines machine learning with machine reasoning. Hybrid AI uses symbolic reasoning in addition to deep learning. This means it learns patterns, like current deep learning AI does, but it also reasons and it can explain why it does what it does.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1009697751\" paraeid=\"{820efd0b-c8ea-481e-ad3a-e842dca43245}{216}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cAutonomous cars and autonomous weapon systems won\u2019t come to their full potential until they include human ethical values in their decision-making \u2013 and until they can explain what they\u2019re doing,\u201d says Werkhoven. \u201cFirst, we have to give AI both goals and a sufficient set of human values. Second, we want the machines to explain themselves. We need to close the accountability gap and the responsibility gap. This is why we need hybrid AI.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"368331006\" paraeid=\"{7ffe41a1-02c3-420c-8d4b-1ce658c643c5}{93}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">TNO, for example, works on hybrid AI for autonomous cars and mobility as a service, which can be personalised for citizens using very complex information systems. TNO also works on predictive maintenance. Meanwhile, digital twins are used to predict defects in a bridge \u2013 and its overall life expectancy \u2013 based on all the different sensor data coming from the bridge in real-time. This enables maintenance to be scheduled at the optimal time \u2013 not too late and not too early. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p paraid=\"919434836\" paraeid=\"{7ffe41a1-02c3-420c-8d4b-1ce658c643c5}{185}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">In the energy domain, TNO works on smart energy grids, matching supply to demand. In healthcare, it works on AI to provide personal lifestyle interventions. Many diseases are related to lifestyle and can be cured or prevented by helping people adjust it. The systems cannot suggest the same thing for every person. Advice has to be personalised, based on a combination of lifestyle and health data. AI recognizes patterns in combined data sets, while at the same time protecting data privacy by using secure data-sharing technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 paraid=\"919434836\" paraeid=\"{7ffe41a1-02c3-420c-8d4b-1ce658c643c5}{185}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">Morality and explainability<\/span><\/h3>\n<p paraid=\"919434836\" paraeid=\"{7ffe41a1-02c3-420c-8d4b-1ce658c643c5}{185}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">The work in the Netherlands shines a light on two of the most pressing issues around AI. They are not just a matter of technology, but rather a question of morality and explainability. In the healthcare sector, many experiments use AI to diagnose and advise on treatments. But AI does not yet understand ethical considerations and it cannot explain itself. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p paraid=\"92140864\" paraeid=\"{6b05e0a9-76e5-4739-a5f1-5a9979cbeaa1}{138}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">These two things are also critical in domains outside of healthcare, including self-driving vehicles and autonomous weapons systems. \u201cIf we want to see the full potential of AI in all these application domains, these issues have to be solved,\u201d says Werkhoven. \u201cAI applications should mirror the values of society.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1286995035\" paraeid=\"{6b05e0a9-76e5-4739-a5f1-5a9979cbeaa1}{202}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">The first question is how can human moral values be expressed in ways that can be interpreted by machines? That is, how can we build mathematical models that reflect the morals of society? But the second big question is at least as important \u2013 and perhaps even more elusive: what exactly are our values as a society? People don\u2019t exactly agree on the answer to this second question. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p paraid=\"1947182139\" paraeid=\"{fcfefb7a-4d08-4fe7-a09e-15ec4b488e57}{7}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cIn the medical world there is more agreement than in in other domains,\u201d says Werkhoven. \u201cThey have elaborated moral and ethical frameworks. During the pandemic, we were close to applying those values when the maximum care capacity was reached. These moral frameworks must represent the moral values of society with respect to a given situation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p paraid=\"1742358167\" paraeid=\"{fcfefb7a-4d08-4fe7-a09e-15ec4b488e57}{95}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">Beyond morality is explainability. AI systems go beyond traditional rules-based programming, where coders use programming constructs to build decisions into programs. Anybody who wants to know why a traditional application made a certain decision can look at the source code and find out. While it might be complicated, the answer is in the program.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"429641086\" paraeid=\"{fcfefb7a-4d08-4fe7-a09e-15ec4b488e57}{113}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">By contrast, the neural network type of AI learns from large data sets, which must be carefully curated, so the algorithm learns the right things. Neural networks generated during the learning phase are then deployed for use in the field, where they make decisions based on patterns in the learning data. It\u2019s virtually impossible to look at a neural network and figure out how it made a given decision.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1943394586\" paraeid=\"{fcfefb7a-4d08-4fe7-a09e-15ec4b488e57}{141}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">Explainable AI aims to close this gap, providing ways for algorithms to explain their decision-making. One big challenge is to develop a way of communicating the explanation so that humans can understand it. AI might come up with reasons that are logically correct but too complicated for humans to understand.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p paraid=\"1025830817\" paraeid=\"{fcfefb7a-4d08-4fe7-a09e-15ec4b488e57}{177}\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\">\u201cWe now have AIs like Chat GPT that can explain things to us and give us advice,\u201d says Werkhoven. \u201cIf we no longer understand its explanations but still take the advice, we may be entering a new stage of human evolution. We may start designing our environments without having the slightest idea why and how.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"DigDeeperSplash\">\n<h4>\n\t\t\t<i data-icon=\"m\"><\/i>Read more on IT innovation, research and development<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a id=\"DigDeeperItem-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/whatis\/definition\/AI-code-of-ethics\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/digdeeper\/1.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/digdeeper\/1_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/digdeeper\/1.jpg 1280w\" alt ><\/p>\n<h5>AI ethics (AI code of ethics)<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineImages\/lawton_george.jpg\" alt=\"GeorgeLawton\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><span>By: <span>George\u00a0Lawton<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a id=\"DigDeeperItem-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.computerweekly.com\/news\/252527232\/Netherlands-coalition-aims-to-demystify-artificial-intelligence\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/artificial-intelligence-adobe_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/artificial-intelligence-adobe_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/artificial-intelligence-adobe.jpg 1280w\" alt ><\/p>\n<h5>Netherlands coalition aims to demystify artificial intelligence<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a id=\"DigDeeperItem-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/searchsoftwarequality\/news\/252526903\/Pega-CTO-Ethical-AI-for-developers-demands-transparency\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/ai_g1182183209_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/ai_g1182183209_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/ai_g1182183209.jpg 1280w\" alt ><\/p>\n<h5>Pega CTO: Ethical AI for developers demands transparency<\/h5>\n<div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/rms\/onlineimages\/glen_stephanie.jpg\" alt=\"StephanieGlen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><span>By: <span>Stephanie\u00a0Glen<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a id=\"DigDeeperItem-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.computerweekly.com\/feature\/Dutch-PhD-project-aims-to-automate-discovery-and-deciphering-of-steganography\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/cyber-forensics-adobe_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/cyber-forensics-adobe_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https:\/\/cdn.ttgtmedia.com\/visuals\/German\/article\/cyber-forensics-adobe.jpg 1280w\" alt ><\/p>\n<h5>Dutch PhD project aims to automate discovery and deciphering of steganography<\/h5>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.computerweekly.com\/feature\/AI-in-the-Netherlands-talent-data-and-responsibility\" class=\"button purchase\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><br \/>\n Laine Pepper<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Applied researchers in the Netherlands are working to bring AI to a higher level By Pat Brans, Pat Brans Associates\/Grenoble Ecole de Management Published: 07 Mar 2023 \u201cNetherlands Organisation for Applied Science Research [TNO] is the innovation engine in the Netherlands,\u201d says Peter Werkhoven, chief scientist at TNO and professor at Utrecht University. \u201cWe turn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":615540,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,546,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-615539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-netherlands","category-talent","category-technology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=615539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/615540"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=615539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=615539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newsycanuse.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=615539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}