Single-fiber computer could one day track your health

Imagine heading out for a run on a cold winter day clad in athletic gear with sensors and microelectronics woven into the very fiber to constantly monitor your vital signs, even running the occasional app. MIT scientists have manufactured a single fiber computer embedded with all the components to do just that, according to a new paper published in the journal Nature.

“Our bodies broadcast gigabytes of data through the skin every second in the form of heat, sound, biochemicals, electrical potentials, and light, all of which carry information about our activities, emotions, and health,” said co-author Yoel Fink, a materials scientist and engineer at MIT. “Unfortunately, most if not all of it gets absorbed and then lost in the clothes we wear. Wouldn’t it be great if we could teach clothes to capture, analyze, store, and communicate this important information in the form of valuable health and activity insights?”

As previously reported, consumers scooped up more than 100 million units of such wearable devices as smartwatches, fitness trackers, augmented reality glasses, and similar tech in the first quarter of 2021 alone. Sales in the category increased 34.4 percent in the second quarter from Q2 2020, making it one of the fastest-growing categories of personal electronics. But while these devices do produce useful data, there are drawbacks. They can be heavy, uncomfortable when worn for long periods, and inaccurate since they usually only measure bodily signals from one spot (e.g., the wrist, chest, or finger).

A fiber computer woven into apparel, by contrast, could monitor sensors and collect data from many points distributed across the body, according to the authors. In 2021, Fink’s group successfully created the first fiber, sewn into a shirt, with the ability to digitally sense, store, and analyze a person’s activity. Until then, electronic fibers had been analog. Hundreds of square silicone microchips were embedded in a polymer preform to create the fiber, and by controlling the polymer flow during manufacture, the team was able to ensure continuous electrical connection among the microchips in a fiber tens of meters long.

The resulting fiber was thin, flexible, easily sewn into fabrics, and washable and could incorporate optical diodes, memory units, sensors, and other components. As proof of principle, Fink’s team stored a 767-kilobit short movie file and a 0.48 megabyte music file in the fiber, envisioning a day when one could store one’s wedding playlist in the bride’s gown (or groom’s tuxedo).